Micron Document




Cronquist system
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The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) (see Bibliography).

Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida.

Contents


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The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants 1968 (monocots)

Class Liliatae (Monocotyledoneae)

• Subclass Alismatidae (4 orders)

• Order Alismatales
• Order Hydrocharitales
• Order Najadales
• Order Triuridales

• Subclass Commelinidae (8 orders)

• Order Commelinales
• Order Eriocaulales
• Order Restionales
• Order Juncales
• Order Cyperales
• Order Typhales
• Order Bromeliales
• Order Zingiberales

• Subclass Arecidae (4 orders)

• Order Arecales
• Order Cyclanthales
• Order Pandanales
• Order Arales

• Subclass Liliidae (2 orders)

• Order Liliales

• Family Philydraceae
• Family Pontederiaceae
• Family Liliaceae (Alluaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Aphyllanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Colchicaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Melanthiaceae, Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae, Ruscaceae, Trilliaceae)
• Family Iridaceae
• Family Agavaceae
• Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
• Family Velloziaceae
• Family Haemodoraceae (Tecophilaeceae)
• Family Taccaceae
• Family Cyanastraceae
• Family Stemonaceae (Roxburghiaceae)
• Family Smilacaceae
• Family Dioscoreaceae (Stenomeridaceae, Trichopodaceae)

• Order Orchidales

• Family Geosiridaceae
• Family Burmanniaceae (Thismiaceae)
• Family Corsiaceae
• Family Orchidaceae (Apostasiaceae)

An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants 1981

Class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)

1. Subclass Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots)

1. Order Magnoliales

6. Magnoliaceae (magnolia family)

2. Order Laurales

6. Idiospermaceae (now part of Calycanthaceae)
7. Lauraceae (laurel family)

3. Order Piperales

3. Piperaceae (pepper family)

4. Order Aristolochiales


5. Order Illiciales


6. Order Nymphaeales

1. Nelumbonaceae (lotus family)
2. Nymphaeaceae (waterlily family)

7. Order Ranunculales

1. Ranunculaceae (buttercup family)

8. Order Papaverales

1. Papaveraceae (poppy family)

2. Subclass Hamamelidae [sic: correctly Hamamelididae]

1. Order Trochodendrales


2. Order Hamamelidales


3. Order Daphniphyllales


4. Order Didymelales


5. Order Eucommiales


6. Order Urticales

3. Cannabaceae (cannabis family)
4. Moraceae (mulberry family)

7. Order Leitneriales


8. Order Juglandales


9. Order Myricales


10. Order Fagales


11. Order Casuarinales


3. Subclass Caryophyllidae

1. Order Caryophyllales

6. Cactaceae (cactus family)

2. Order Polygonales


3. Order Plumbaginales


4. Subclass Dilleniidae

1. Order Dilleniales


2. Order Theales

6. Theaceae (tea family)
7. Actinidiaceae (kiwi family)

3. Order Malvales

5. Malvaceae (mallow family)

4. Order Lecythidales


5. Order Nepenthales


6. Order Violales

4. Cistaceae (rock rose family)
9. Violaceae (violet family)
10. Tamaricaceae (tamarix family)
16. Passifloraceae (passionflower family)
18. Caricaceae (papaya family)
21. Cucurbitaceae (squash family)

7. Order Salicales


8. Order Capparales

3. Brassicaceae (mustard family)

9. Order Batales


10. Order Ericales


11. Order Diapensiales


12. Order Ebenales

4. Lissocarpaceae

13. Order Primulales

3. Primulaceae (primula family)

5. Subclass Rosidae

1. Order Rosales

19. Rosaceae (rose family)

2. Order Fabales

1. Mimosaceae (mimosa family)
3. Fabaceae (legume/pea family)

3. Order Proteales


4. Order Podostemales


5. Order Haloragales


6. Order Myrtales

7. Myrtaceae (myrtle family)
15. Rhyncocalycaceae

7. Order Rhizophorales


8. Order Cornales


9. Order Santalales


10. Order Rafflesiales

3. Rafflesiaceae (rafflesia family)

11. Order Celastrales

12. Tepuianthaceae

12. Order Euphorbiales

1. Buxaceae (box family)

13. Order Rhamnales

3. Vitaceae (grape family)

14. Order Linales

4. Hugoniaceae

15. Order Polygalales


16. Order Sapindales

9. Anacardiaceae (cashew family)
14. Rutaceae (citrus family)

17. Order Geraniales


18. Order Apiales

2. Apiaceae (carrot family)

6. Subclass Asteridae

1. Order Gentianales


2. Order Solanales

2. Nolanaceae
3. Solanaceae (nightshade/tomato family)

3. Order Lamiales

4. Lamiaceae (mint family)

4. Order Callitrichales


5. Order Plantaginales


6. Order Scrophulariales

2. Oleaceae (olive family)

7. Order Campanulales

3. Campanulaceae (bell flower family)

8. Order Rubiales

1. Rubiaceae (coffee family)

9. Order Dipsacales


10. Order Calycerales


11. Order Asterales

1. Asteraceae (sunflower family)

Class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)

1. Subclass Alismatidae

1. Order Alismatales


2. Order Hydrocharitales


3. Order Najadales


4. Order Triuridales


2. Subclass Arecidae

1. Order Arecales

1. Arecaceae (palm family)

2. Order Cyclanthales


3. Order Pandanales

1. Pandanaceae (pandan family)

4. Order Arales


3. Subclass Commelinidae

1. Order Commelinales


2. Order Eriocaulales


3. Order Restionales


4. Order Juncales


5. Order Cyperales

2. Poaceae (grass family)

6. Order Hydatellales


7. Order Typhales


4. Subclass Zingiberidae

1. Order Bromeliales


2. Order Zingiberales

5. Zingiberaceae (ginger family)

5. Subclass Liliidae

1. Order Liliales

5. Liliaceae (lily family)
6. Iridaceae (iris family)
8. Aloeaceae (aloe family)

2. Order Orchidales

4. Orchidaceae (orchid family)

Bibliography

• Texas A and M University Bioinformatics Working Group : Cronquist System Archived 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine
• citerefreveal1998Reveal, James (4 October 1998). "Cronquist Family Names and Synonymy". Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Project. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
• citerefreveal1998Reveal, James (22 November 1998). "Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne". Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 3 January 2016.

Work by Cronquist

• Cronquist, Arthur. (1957). Outline of a new system of families and orders of dicotyledons. Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Brux. 27: 13–40.
• citerefcronquist1960Cronquist, Arthur (October 1960). "The divisions and classes of plants". The Botanical Review. 26 (4): 425–482. Bibcode:1960BotRv..26..425C. doi:10.1007/BF02940572. S2CID 43144314.
• citerefcronquist1965Cronquist, Arthur (September 1965). "The Status of the General System of Classification of Flowering Plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 52 (3): 281–303. Bibcode:1965AnMBG..52..281C. doi:10.2307/2394794. JSTOR 2394794.
• citerefcronquisttakhtajanzimmermann1966Cronquist, Arthur; Takhtajan, Armen; Zimmermann, Walter (April 1966). "On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta". Taxon. 15 (4): 129–134. Bibcode:1966Taxon..15..129C. doi:10.2307/1217531. JSTOR 1217531.
• citerefcronquist1981Cronquist, A (1981). An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231038805.
• citerefcronquist1968Cronquist, A (1968). The evolution and classification of flowering plants (1st ed.). Boston: Houghton Mufflin Company.
• citerefcronquist1988Cronquist, A (1988) [1968]. The evolution and classification of flowering plants (2nd ed.). Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden. ISBN 9780893273323.

• Excerpt: Classification. 7 pp.